Conservation and restoration of the „Great Hall of Karakorum“

Looking south to the preserved temple platform of the Great Hall of Karakorum, with Erdene Zuu Buddhist Monastery in the background. © DAI KAAK // H. Rohland

Forschung

Approaches and methods

The arrangements in context of the preservation concept contain the protection of the rammed earth terrace as well the presentation of the temple’s surface with the original column bases.

Following the guidelines on cultural preservation a balance had to be found between the greatest protection possible and the preservation of the original building fabric.

After establishing the basic design with a landscape planner and preparing archaeological works at the podium of the Great Hall, the building measures could start in 2014. These works contain the reconstruction of the retaining wall around the platform. The original, medieval wall – as far as preserved – was made visible behind glasses in some places. Similar windows in the modern retaining wall also allow views on the rammed earth layers behind the wall, so that the construction method becomes clear.

The authenticity of the archaeological record should also be retained by other means: even though the modern wall can be depicted as a recent reconstruction, the single bricks of that construction were burnt in kilns which are similar to kilns of the 13th century, regarding their construction and the related burning process.

Three stairways offer access to the temple’s platform; their location corresponds to the ancient stairways as uncovered during the excavations.

The archaeological record reveals only little information about the rising wall construction. Wooden beams and architectural influences from China, i.e. manifested in the great number of roof tiles, suggest a timber frame work with a Chinese roof construction. 64 granite column bases, now protected by steel enclosures, give an idea of the dimension and the structuring of the Great Hall.

Archaeological window
At two points in the modern podium wall, 'archaeological windows' provide views of the original building fabric, the rammed earth layers and the facing wall in front of them. © DAI KAAK // Robert Hoffmann
The Great Hall - an open museum
Today's condition of the temple platform of the Great Hall in the 3D visualisation of the site created by Artefacts Berlin. © DAI KAAK // Artefacts Berlin
Digital reconstruction of the building process
Scene from the digital reconstruction of the Great Hall, which is on display in the local Kharakhorum Museum as a supplement to the preserved building remains. After the terrace podium was constructed of alternating layers of rammed earth, the surface of the platform was covered with granite column bases - the basis for the later construction of the roof structure. © DAI KAAK // Artefacts Berlin
Excavation of the Great Hall in the south-west corner of Karakorum
Overview of the Buddhist temple in the southwest corner of the city, the so-called Great Hall. © DAI KAAK // Anonym
Information boards in front of the Great Hall
In front of the temple platform, information panels explain the history of Karakorum, the archaeological finds in the Great Hall and the history of the project. © DAI KAAK // Robert Hoffmann
Temple platform surface
A view of the surface of the temple platform, with the original granite column bases surrounded by steel frames. © DAI KAAK // Robert Hoffmann
Interior reconstruction
Scene from the digital reconstruction of the Great Hall. The centre of the hall is thought to contain a stupa covering a central votive deposit and deposits of a large number of tsatsas (votive offerings). Four Buddha figures on lotus thrones place the building in a distinctly Buddhist context. © DAI KAAK // Artefacts Berlin
Proposal for the reconstruction of the Great Hall
A large number of finds (roof tiles, building decoration) of Chinese design suggest that the wall and roof construction was based on Chinese models. © DAI KAAK // Artefacts Berlin